History of Indonesia

History of Indonesia covers a very long period of time that began in prehistoric times by the discovery of "Java Man" that was 1.7 million years ago. Indonesia historical period can be divided into five eras: pre-colonial era, the rise of the kingdoms of Hindu-Buddhist and Islam in Java and Sumatra, which mainly rely on trade; Colonial Era, the influx of Europeans (mainly Dutch) who want spice lead to colonization by Netherlands for about 3.5 centuries between the early 17th century until the mid-20th century; Early Independence Era, post-Proclamation of Indonesian Independence (1945) until the fall of Sukarno (1966); Era New Order, Soeharto's 32-year reign (1966 -1998), and the Reformation Era which lasted until now.
Nationalist movement
In 1905 the first nationalist movement, the Islamic Trade Unions was formed and was followed in 1908 by the nationalist movement next, Budi Utomo. Holland responded that after World War I with oppressive measures. Nationalist leaders came from a small group of young professionals and students, some of whom have been educated in the Netherlands. Many of those imprisoned for political activities, including Indonesia's first president, Sukarno.
World War II
In May 1940, the beginning of World War II, the Netherlands was occupied by Nazi Germany. Dutch East Indies declared a state of siege and in July redirected exports for Japan to the United States and Britain. Negotiations with the Japanese aimed to secure supplies of fuel the aircraft failed in June 1941, and the Japanese started their conquest of Southeast Asia in December of that year. In the same month, factions from Sumatra recipient of Japanese aid to bring about a revolution against the government of the Netherlands. The last Dutch troops defeated Japan in March 1942.
Independence era
Proclamation of Independence
Hearing the news that Japan no longer has the power to make such a decision on August 16, Sukarno read the "Proclamation" on the next day. News of the proclamation spread by radio and fliers while the Indonesian military forces in time of war, Homeland Defence Forces (MAP), the youth, and others went directly to maintain the residence of Sukarno.
On August 18 1945 the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) inaugurated as President Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta as Vice-President by using a constitution drawn up a few days earlier. Then set up the Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP) as the interim parliament until elections can be held. This group declared a new government on August 31 and willed the Republic of Indonesia which consists of eight provinces of Sumatra, Kalimantan (excluding the territories of Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei), West Java, Central Java, East Java, Sulawesi, Maluku (including Papua) and Nusa Southeast.
War of independence
From 1945 to 1949, the Australian maritime union sympathetic to business freedom, prohibits all Dutch shipping during this conflict that the Netherlands does not have the logistical support and supplies needed to reshape colonial rule.
Dutch attempt to return to power facing strong resistance. After returning to Java, Dutch troops immediately retake the colonial capital of Batavia, as a result of the nationalist makes Yogyakarta as their capital. At December 27, 1949 (see article on December 27, 1949), after 4 years of war and negotiation, Queen Juliana of the Netherlands transfer sovereignty to the Federal Government of Indonesia. In 1950, Indonesia became the 60th member of the United Nations.